Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) Vulnerability in SmartRobot by INTUMIT
Overview
CVE-2025-3572 is a high-severity vulnerability affecting the SmartRobot platform developed by INTUMIT. This vulnerability allows unauthenticated remote attackers to exploit a Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) flaw. By leveraging this issue, attackers can:
Probe internal networks, potentially exposing sensitive systems and services.
Access arbitrary local files on the vulnerable server, which may include configuration files, credentials, or other sensitive data.
The vulnerability was published on April 13, 2025, and has a CVSS v3.1 score of 7.5 (High).
Technical Details
SSRF vulnerabilities occur when an application accepts user-controlled input to craft requests to internal or external resources without proper validation. In the case of SmartRobot:
The application fails to sanitize or validate URLs provided by users.
This flaw enables attackers to manipulate requests, redirecting them to internal services or file paths on the server.
The lack of authentication requirements further exacerbates the risk, as any remote attacker can initiate the exploit.
Potential Impact
An attacker exploiting CVE-2025-3572 can achieve the following:
Internal Network Scanning:
Attackers can send crafted requests to internal services (e.g., databases, APIs) that are not exposed to the public internet.
This could reveal sensitive information about the network topology or expose vulnerable services.
File Disclosure:
By targeting local file paths, attackers can retrieve sensitive files such as:
/etc/passwd(Linux user information).Configuration files containing database credentials or API keys.
Logs that may include session tokens or error details.
Chaining Attacks:
SSRF vulnerabilities are often used in combination with other vulnerabilities (e.g., Remote Code Execution) for greater impact.
Sample Exploitation Scenarios
Scenario 1: Internal Network Probing
An attacker sends a malicious request to the SmartRobot server:
texthttp://vulnerable-smartrobot.com/api/resource?url=http://192.168.1.100:8080/admin
If the server processes this request without validation, it could allow the attacker to access an internal admin panel or identify open ports.
Scenario 2: Local File Access
An attacker crafts a URL pointing to a sensitive file:
texthttp://vulnerable-smartrobot.com/api/resource?url=file:///etc/passwd
If exploited successfully, the server responds with the contents of /etc/passwd, exposing user information.
Scenario 3: Cloud Metadata Retrieval
In cloud environments like AWS, attackers could target metadata endpoints:
texthttp://vulnerable-smartrobot.com/api/resource?url=http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/
This could expose instance metadata, including IAM roles and access tokens.
Mitigation Steps
For Developers:
Input Validation:
Restrict user-supplied URLs to trusted domains.
Use allowlists for acceptable endpoints.
Disable Unnecessary Protocols:
Prevent access to
file://,ftp://, and other non-HTTP/HTTPS protocols.
Authentication and Authorization:
Require proper authentication for accessing sensitive endpoints.
Network Segmentation:
Isolate critical internal systems from publicly accessible servers.
For Administrators:
Apply patches or updates provided by INTUMIT as soon as they are available.
Monitor logs for unusual outbound requests that may indicate SSRF attempts.
Use Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) to block malicious payloads.
Conclusion
CVE-2025-3572 poses a significant risk due to its ability to expose internal networks and sensitive files without requiring authentication. Organizations using SmartRobot should immediately assess their systems for exposure and apply mitigations to prevent exploitation.
By implementing robust input validation and monitoring mechanisms, organizations can reduce their attack surface and protect against SSRF vulnerabilities like this one.
- https://nvd.nist.gov/