Overview of Vulnerabilities in TEM Opera Plus FM Family Transmitter
The TEM Opera Plus FM Family Transmitter has recently been identified with two significant vulnerabilities, CVE-2024-41988 and CVE-2024-41987. These vulnerabilities expose the system to potential exploits that could lead to unauthorized access and control over the device, compromising its integrity and security.
CVE-2024-41988: Unauthenticated MPFS File System Upload
Description
CVE-2024-41988 pertains to an unprotected endpoint in the TEM Opera Plus FM Family Transmitter that allows for the upload of MPFS File System binary images without any authentication. This vulnerability is critical as it enables attackers to overwrite the flash program memory, which holds the web server's main interfaces, potentially allowing them to execute arbitrary code on the device.Technical Details
The MPFS2 file system module provides a lightweight read-only file system that can be stored in various types of memory, including external EEPROM and internal Flash. The lack of authentication means that anyone with access to the network can exploit this vulnerability by sending a crafted HTTP POST request to upload malicious binaries. An example of such a request is as follows:Upon successful upload, the server responds with a confirmation message indicating that the update was successful, thus confirming the exploit.
Impact Assessment
The impact of this vulnerability is rated as critical (5/5), as it provides attackers with complete control over the device's web server functionalities, leading to potential denial of service (DoS) attacks or unauthorized data manipulation.CVE-2024-41987: Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)
Description
CVE-2024-41987 involves improper validation of HTTP requests within the application interface of the TEM Opera Plus FM Family Transmitter. This vulnerability allows an attacker to perform actions with administrative privileges if a logged-in user visits a malicious website.Technical Details
This vulnerability stems from inadequate checks on user-supplied input, which can be exploited through cross-site request forgery (CSRF) attacks. An attacker could craft a malicious web page that, when visited by an authenticated user, sends unauthorized requests to the transmitter's interface, allowing actions such as configuration changes or data exfiltration without the user's consent.Example Scenario
For instance, if a user is logged into their transmitter interface and visits a malicious site designed to exploit this vulnerability, the site could automatically send requests to change critical settings or extract sensitive information from the transmitter without any further user interaction.Impact Assessment
The risk associated with CVE-2024-41987 is also significant as it compromises user privileges and could lead to unauthorized access and manipulation of device settings.What are the potential consequences of the CVE-2024-41987 vulnerability
The CVE-2024-41987 vulnerability in the TEM Opera Plus FM Family Transmitter has several potential consequences that could significantly impact the security and functionality of the device. Here are the key implications:
1. Unauthorized Actions with Administrative Privileges
The vulnerability allows attackers to perform actions via HTTP requests without proper validation. If a logged-in user visits a malicious website, an attacker can execute commands with administrative privileges on the transmitter. This could lead to unauthorized changes in device settings, potentially disrupting operations or altering configurations to favor the attacker.2. Data Manipulation and Exfiltration
Exploitation of this vulnerability could enable attackers to manipulate or exfiltrate sensitive data stored on the device. This includes configuration settings, logs, and any other critical information that may be accessible through the transmitter's interface.3. Device Compromise
Successful exploitation can lead to a complete compromise of the TEM Opera Plus FM Family Transmitter. An attacker could gain control over the device, allowing them to modify its functionality, install malicious firmware, or repurpose it for further attacks within the network.4. Network Security Risks
The compromised transmitter could serve as a foothold for attackers to launch further attacks against other devices on the same network. This lateral movement can escalate the impact beyond just the transmitter, potentially affecting other connected systems and networks.5. Denial of Service (DoS)
By manipulating device settings or configurations, attackers could render the transmitter inoperable, leading to service outages and disruption of broadcasting capabilities. This is particularly critical for applications relying on continuous operation.6. Reputation Damage
For organizations using these transmitters, exploitation of this vulnerability can lead to reputational damage if sensitive data is leaked or services are disrupted. Trust in the organization’s ability to secure its infrastructure may be compromised.Mitigation Recommendations
To address these risks, organizations should consider implementing several mitigation strategies:- User Education: Train users to recognize phishing attempts and avoid visiting untrusted websites while logged into sensitive systems.
- Access Controls: Implement strict access controls and validate all requests made to the transmitter's interface.
- Regular Security Audits: Conduct frequent audits of device configurations and installed firmware to identify vulnerabilities.
- Network Segmentation: Isolate critical devices from public networks to reduce exposure to potential attacks.